Marine HFC alternatives in refrigeration systems focus on eco-friendly refrigerants like ammonia, CO2, and hydrocarbons to reduce global warming potential. These systems prioritize energy efficiency and compliance with environmental regulations such as the Kigali Amendment. They are designed for maritime applications, ensuring safety and reliability in harsh marine environments.

Size: Varies by system type (compact to large-scale marine units)

Grade: Typically A1 (non-flammable) or A2L (mildly flammable) safety classification

Viscosity: Dependent on refrigerant type (e.g., R-744: 0.07–0.15 cP, R-1234yf: 0.2–0.4 cP at 25°C)

Buoyancy: Refrigerants like R-744 (CO₂) denser than air; others (e.g., R-1234ze) lighter

Material Compatibility: Stainless steel, copper, aluminum for components; elastomers (HNBR/EPDM)

Operating Pressure: Low (R-1234ze: ~10 bar) to high (R-744: ~100 bar)

Temperature Range: -40°C to +80°C (varies by refrigerant and system design)

Refrigerant Options: R-744 (CO₂), R-1234yf, R-1234ze, ammonia (R-717), hydrocarbons (propane/isobutane)

System Efficiency: COP typically 2.0–4.5 (depends on refrigerant and application)

Environmental Impact: GWP <1–1500 (e.g., R-744: 1, R-1234yf: <1)